Japanese grammar · ≈ JLPT N2 · Intermediate 3
〜上~jou
from a certain perspective
Use 「〜上」 after an aspect noun to state a judgment from that perspective.
How it works
Can the information be shared without the patient’s consent? Here, the decision is made from a legal perspective.
「～上」 specifies the perspective of a judgment: in terms of a certain aspect, system, or standpoint.
Attach 「上」 to a noun naming an aspect. It is read 「じょう」, as in 「制度上」.
「安全上」 means “from a safety perspective” and explains why daily checks are necessary.
In the example, 「制度上」 refers to restrictions imposed by the system’s conditions, not the patient being physically unable to receive care.
Example sentences
- 法律上、houritsujou、患者kanja本人honninのno同意douiなしnashiにni情報jouhouをo他人taninにni
In a conversation
Check yourself
Level 1 · Recognise
Which sentence is correct?
Level 1 · Recognise
Listen and choose the meaning
Level 2 · Build
Put the words in order
Legally, information cannot be conveyed to another person without the patient's own consent.
Level 3 · Use
What goes in the blank?
____、患者本人の同意なしに情報を他人に伝えることはできません。
Legally, you cannot share information with others without the patient's consent.
More grammar in this theme
- 〜上from a certain perspective