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清水寺 is a representative example of Kyoto’s temples and shrines. Name it first, then talk about the whole group.

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Lesson notes · ≈ JLPT N3 · Intermediate 2

〜をはじめとして~o hajime toshite

including ... as a leading example

Use 「〜をはじめとして」 after a representative example, then describe the larger group it represents.

How it works

  1. 清水寺 is a representative example of Kyoto’s temples and shrines. Name it first, then talk about the whole group.

    清水寺 is a representative example of Kyoto’s temples and shrines. Name it first, then talk about the whole group.

  2. Add 「をはじめ」 after the noun naming a representative example. Both 清水寺 and レストラン can come before it.

    Add 「をはじめ」 after the noun naming a representative example. Both 清水寺 and レストラン can come before it.

  3. After 「清水寺をはじめ」, describe the whole group: there are many famous temples and shrines.

    After 「清水寺をはじめ」, describe the whole group: there are many famous temples and shrines.

  4. You can also say 「清水寺をはじめとして」. Adding 「として」 keeps the same meaning: naming a representative example.

    You can also say 「清水寺をはじめとして」. Adding 「として」 keeps the same meaning: naming a representative example.

  5. 「をはじめとする」 is followed by a noun naming the whole group, as in 「清水寺をはじめとする寺や神社」.

    「をはじめとする」 is followed by a noun naming the whole group, as in 「清水寺をはじめとする寺や神社」.

  6. 「レストランをはじめとする便利な店」 introduces various convenient shops, with restaurants as the representative example.

「レストランをはじめとする便利な店」 introduces various convenient shops, with restaurants as the representative example.

  • Here, 「はじめ」 does not indicate time order. 清水寺 is a representative example, not the first place visited.

    Here, 「はじめ」 does not indicate time order. 清水寺 is a representative example, not the first place visited.

    • Example sentences

    • 京都きょうとkyoutoにniは、わ、wa、清水きよみずkiyomizu寺でらderaをoはじめhajimeとtoしshiてte有名な寺ゆうめいなてらyuumeinateraやya神社じんじゃjinjaがgaたくさんtakusanあります。arimasu。

      In Kyoto, there are many famous temples and shrines, starting with Kiyomizu-dera.

    • 駅えきeki周辺しゅうへんshuuhenにniは、わ、wa、レストランれすとらんresutoranをoはじめhajimeとtoしshiてte生活せいかつseikatsuにni

    In a conversation

    • A
      この町まちの名物めいぶつはわ何なんですか？か

      A: What is the specialty of this town?

    • B
      地元じもと名物めいぶつをはじめとして、美味しいおいしい食べ物たべものがたくさんありますよ。

      B: There are many delicious foods, starting with the local specialties.

    • A
      それはわ楽しみたのしみです。特にとくにおすすめの店みせはわありますか？か

      A: I'm looking forward to that. Do you have any shops you especially recommend?

    Check yourself

    1. Level 1 · Recognise

      Which sentence is correct?

    2. Level 1 · Recognise

      Listen and choose the meaning

    3. Level 2 · Build

      Put the words in order

      Kyoto has many famous temples and shrines, beginning with Kiyomizu-dera.

    4. Level 3 · Use

      What goes in the blank?

      京都には、清水寺____有名な寺や神社がたくさんあります。

      Kyoto has many famous temples and shrines, starting with Kiyomizu-dera.

    More grammar in this theme

    • 〜に囲まれている・〜に囲まれたbe surrounded by
    • 〜が〜を占める・〜が占めるaccount for a share
    • 〜がちoften tends to
    • 〜に比べてcompared with
    • 〜に備えてin preparation for
    • 〜に代わって・〜に代わりin place of
    • 〜のような・〜のようにexamples such as
    • 〜としてin the role of
    • 〜に限るnothing beats
    • 〜を中心にcentered around
    • 〜をはじめとしてincluding ... as a leading example
    • 〜を通して・〜を通じてthrough a means
    • 〜ことからbased on the fact
    • 〜といえばspeaking of
    • 〜というとspeaking of; brings to mind
    Previous〜を中心にNext〜を通して・〜を通じて

    Keep practising

    Test your Japanese vocabulary12 adaptive questions, freeCheck your pronunciationRead aloud and get a scorePractise verb forms10-question conjugation quizSee the whole courseGrammar, vocabulary and quizzes by theme
    See the whole course
    Intermediate 2
    Geography, Climate, and Local Life
    便利べんり
    benri
    な店なみせnamise
    がga
    集まっあつまっatsumat
    てte
    います。imasu。

    Around the station, there are many shops convenient for daily life, starting with restaurants.